非小细胞肺癌组织Ki-67 与PD-L1 表达的相关性及其对患者预后的影响

[摘要] 目的：探讨NSCLC患者癌组织中Ki-67 与PD-L1 表达的相关性及两者对患者预后的影响。方法：选取符合纳入标准的2012 年1 月至2018 年8 月在海军军医大学附属长海医院，手术确诊为NSCLC并进行免疫组化PD-L1 和Ki-67 检测的患者401 例，收集其临床病理资料，定期生存随访，应用统计学方法分析Ki-67 与PD-L1 表达的相关性及两者对患者术后DFS和化疗后PFS的影响。结果：NSCLC组织中PD-L1 和Ki-67 表达阳性率分别为37.9%（152/401）和96.3%（386/401），单因素分析显示Ki-67 为PDL1表达相关的影响因素（OR=0.33，95%CI=0.28～0.39，P<0.0001），曲线拟合分析显示Ki-67 与PD-L1 表达显著正相关，阈值效应分析、分段多因素Logistic 和ROC曲线分析表明14%是Ki-67 较适宜与PD-L1 联用的阈值。Kaplan-Meier 分析显示，术后DFS，Ki-67 高表达组显著短于Ki-67 低表达组[(21.88±11.25) vs (41.22±16.25)个月，P<0.0001]，PD-L1 阳性组显著短于PD-L1 阴性组[(24.75±14.59) vs (38.27±16.75)个月，P<0.0001]，Ki-67 高表达/PD-L1 阳性组与其余3 组相比术后DFS 最短[(20.57±11.33) vs(24.11±10.79) vs (36.00±16.79) vs (42.91±15.77)个月，P<0.0001]；化疗PFS，Ki-67 高表达组显著长于Ki-67 低表达组[(7.70±3.01) vs(5.80±2.99)个月，P=0.016]，PD-L1 阳性组与阴性组相比差异无统计学意义[(7.04±3.21) vs (6.33±3.06)个月，P=0.22]，Ki-67 与PDL1联合测评，Ki-67 高表达两组的PFS显著长于Ki-67 低表达两组[(7.74±3.25) vs (7.43±2.38) vs(4.91±1.97) vs (6.02±3.19)个月，P=0.041]。结论：NSCLC组织中Ki-67 与PD-L1 表达呈正相关，Ki-67 14%是适宜与PD-L1 联用的阈值，Ki-67 和PD-L1 均为患者预后不良的预测因子，两者联合对预后不良的预测有“叠加效应”，同时Ki-67 高表达患者对化疗的敏感性较好。     

Wnt/β-catenin links oxidative stress to podocyte injury and proteinuria

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静息状态的动态脑血流自动调节：检查方法及临床应用

CA是维持脑血流恒定的生理机制。测量CA的方法很多。本文要介绍的是在静息状态下， 利用传递函数计算外围动脉血压和脑血流间的低频相位差，即可测量CA。CA和脑血管疾病的预后有 关，因此它有潜力成为有用的临床诊疗工具。     

Liver-specific knockout of histone methyltransferase G9a impairs liver maturation and dysregulates inflammatory,cytoprotective, and drug-processing genes

1. Methyltransferase G9a is essential for a key gene silencing mark, histone H3 dimethylation at lysine-9 (H3K9me2). Hepatic G9a expression is down-regulated by xenobiotics and diabetes. However, little is known about the role of G9a in liver. Thus, we generated mice with liver-specific knockout (Liv-KO) of G9a.

2. Adult G9a Liv-KO mice had marked loss of H3K9me2 proteins in liver, without overt liver injury or infiltration of inflammatory cells. However, G9a-null livers had ectopic induction of certain genes normally expressed in neural and immune systems. Additionally, G9a-null livers had moderate down-regulation of cytoprotective genes, markedly altered expression of certain important drug-processing genes, elevated endogenous reactive oxygen species, induction of ER stress marker Chop, but decreased glutathione and nuclear Nrf2. microRNA-383, a negative regulator of the PI3K/Akt pathway, was strongly induced in G9a Liv-KO mice. After LPS treatment, G9a Liv-KO mice had aggravated lipid peroxidation and proinflammatory response.

3. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that G9a regulates liver maturation by silencing neural and proinflammatory genes but maintaining/activating cytoprotective and drug-processing genes, in which the G9a/miR-383/PI3K/Akt/Nrf2?(Chop) pathways may play important roles. G9a deficiency due to genetic polymorphism and/or environmental exposure may alter xenobiotic metabolism and aggravate inflammation and liver dysfunction.

     

案例教学在病理学实验教学中的应用

病理学是一门理论与形态相结合的学科，实验课教学知识点多，难以理解。本教研室在实验课中将案例教学（case-based learning，CBL）与标本教学相结合，从案例的选择、案例的准备、案例教学的实施方法及注意事项等方面对病理学实验教学进行探讨；通过60名学生的实验课成绩、理论课成绩对比分析发现，案例教学的引入能有效提高学生对病理学学习的积极性，扩展了学生的知识面，增强了学生自学能力、团队协作能力、语言表达能力，巩固了学生对理论知识的掌握，提高了学习成绩，更好地提升了教学质量。     

斑蝥提取物通过细胞周期G2/M期阻滞诱导人胆管细胞癌QBC939细胞凋亡

目的:研究斑蝥提取物(cantharis extract,CTE)体外诱导人胆管癌QBC939细胞凋亡作用及其对细胞周期分布的影响。方法:体外培养人胆管细胞癌QBC939细胞,CTE作用于QBC939细胞48小时,利用CCK-8法检测QBC939细胞增殖率并计算半数抑制浓度(IC50);光学显微镜下观察细胞形态的改变;AnnexinⅤ/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡情况;用PI染色检测对QBC939细胞周期分布的影响;Western blot法检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白及细胞周期相关蛋白表达变化。结果:CTE显著抑制QBC939细胞增殖,呈浓度及时间依赖性,处理48小时的IC50为4.16μg/ml。经光学显微镜下观察可见随着药物浓度增加,细胞密度减少,游离变圆的细胞明显增多。AnnexinⅤ/PI双染流式凋亡检测示,随着药物浓度的增加,凋亡细胞数量逐渐增加,药物处理组(1.25μg/ml、2.5μg/ml、5.0μg/ml)的细胞凋亡率分别为(9.52±1.01)%、(15.62±1.88)%、(46.03±4.88)%,与对照组(4.59±0.43)%比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PI检测细胞周期示,CTE能将QBC939细胞周期阻滞在G2/M期,随药物浓度增加而增加,G2/M期细胞比例逐渐增加,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义,而G1期细胞比例逐渐减少。Western blot检测示,CTE处理组细胞增殖相关蛋白增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达降低,相对蛋白表达量与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Bcl-2家族蛋白Bax和Bid表达增加,而Bcl-2、Mcl-1表达降低,抑制凋亡蛋白家族蛋白Survivin表达显著下降,凋亡相关蛋白半胱氨酸蛋白水解酶3(Caspase-3)表达下降,与对照组比较CTE处理组上述相对蛋白表达量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CTE处理组细胞周期相关蛋白Chk1表达无显著改变,相对蛋白表达量与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P<0.05),磷酸化的Chk1蛋白及p53蛋白表达逐渐增加,相对蛋白表达量与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:CTE显著抑制QBC939细胞增殖,诱导QBC939细胞凋亡,其可能机制与CTE调节凋亡相关蛋白表达,同时调节肿瘤细胞周期相关。     

胶质母细胞瘤差异表达基因的生物信息学分析

目的:应用生物信息学方法挖掘胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)的相关基因，进而探讨发病机制，为GBM临床诊断和靶向治疗提供理论依据。方法:从GEO(Gene Expression Omnibus)数据库下载基因芯片数据集GSE4290和GSE15824，应用GEO2R筛选GBM的差异表达基因(DEGs)。采用DAVID数据库进行GO富集和KEGG通路富集分析，分别应用STRING数据库和Cytoscape软件构建蛋白质相互作用网络和关键基因模块，筛选GBM靶基因。进一步运用ONCOMINE数据库验证临床组织样本中靶基因与GBM的关系。结果:共筛选出76个DEGs，富集分析结果显示DEGs在血管生成的正调节、抗原的呈递和处理、信号转导、调节自噬等方面存在显著富集。共挖掘出POSTN、TAGLN、CALD1、EPCAM 4个GBM靶基因，经证实均在临床GBM组织样本中存在显著上调且靶基因的上调与患者的不良预后密切相关。结论:通过生物信息学共挖掘出4个与GBM显著相关的靶基因，可能是未来GBM发病机制、临床诊断、治疗的重要研究靶点。     

Protective role of histone deacetylase 4 from ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA lesions

Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure is a core factor that leads to skin disease or carcinogenesis through the insufficient repair of DNA lesions. UVB-induced DNA lesions are mainly removed by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) mechanism. The expression of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is altered in the skin upon UVB exposure, indicating its possible implication in UVB-induced DNA lesions repair. Here, we investigated the role of HDAC4 in the NER removal of the main classes of UVB-induced DNA lesions consisting of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PPs). We found that UVB irradiation increased HDAC4 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. HDAC4 interacted with NER factor XPC, which played an important role in effectively removing the UVB-induced DNA lesions. This study provides an understanding of the HDAC4 function in DNA repair, which will allow the development of efficient strategies to protect the skin from UVR-induced diseases.     

Exploring the Role of Incidental and Integral Compassion and Anger in Health Communication about Pollution

ABSTRACT

Scholars have examined two types of emotions, namely, incidental and integral emotions, in health communication on the basis of the source of elicitation. Despite numerous studies on the independent effects of these two types of emotions, limited research exists on how emotions may interact to influence health communication outcomes, including support for health-improving policies. To augment current knowledge, this study conducted a 2 (incidental: compassion vs. anger) × 2 (integral: compassion vs. anger) between-subjects factorial experiment in the context of the human health effects of pollution. Results showed a main effect of the incidental compassion (vs. anger) condition on protective policy support, which was mediated by self-reported compassion. In addition, this main effect was moderated by political ideology such that it was found among moderates and conservatives, but not liberals. No interaction effects were observed. These findings contribute to the literature by exploring how incidental and integral emotions may or may not interact and by complementing existing research on the moderating effect of political ideology regarding environment-related messaging.